Notably, the identified subcortical parcels are similar in number to a recent estimate of the number of cortical parcels (360). We expanded these cortical networks to subcortex, revealing 358 highly-organized subcortical parcels that take part in forming whole-brain functional networks. Building on previous network partitions, we replicated and expanded upon well-known and recently-identified networks, including several higher-order cognitive networks such as a left-lateralized language network. We developed a highly principled approach to identify cortical network communities at the level of functional systems, calibrating our community detection algorithm using extremely well-established sensory and motor systems as guides. Here we focus on characterizing the human brain's large-scale network organization, as it provides an overall framework for the organization of all other levels. Understanding complex systems such as the human brain requires characterization of the system's architecture across multiple levels of organization – from neurons, to local circuits, to brain regions, and ultimately large-scale brain networks.
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